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The Rugby World Cup Sevens is the premier stand-alone international rugby sevens competition. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, World Rugby (WR), and is contested every four years with tournaments for men's and women's national teams co-hosted at the same venues. The inaugural tournament was held in 1993 in Scotland, the birthplace of rugby sevens. The winners of the men's tournament are awarded the Melrose Cup, named after the Scottish town of Melrose where the first rugby sevens game was played.〔(Scotland 7s players Melrose bound )〕 The women's tournament was inaugurated at the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens held in in Dubai. New Zealand are the current men's and women's World Champions having won both tournaments in 2013. Fiji and New Zealand have won the men's tournament twice. England and Wales have won a single tournament each, while both Australia and South Africa have reached tournament finals but not secured a title. Australia and New Zealand are the only nations to have been women's World Champions, having won the first and second Rugby World Cup Sevens tournaments respectively in 2009 and 2013. In 2009, after the inclusion of rugby sevens at the Olympic Games was announced, the International Rugby Board (IRB, now World Rugby) stated that their intention was to end the World Cup Sevens so that the Olympic Games would be the one pinnacle in a four-year cycle for rugby sevens.〔 However, following consultation, the IRB announced that the competition would be retained, and integrated into the Olympic calendar, meaning that a meaningful elite level competition would take place every two years from 2016. The World Cup will be also markedly larger in terms of team numbers than the Olympic tournament.〔http://www.rwcsevens.com/home/news/newsid=2067449.html#future+rugby+world+cup+sevens+confirmed〕 The first competition after Olympic integration is set to take place in 2018, which will entail a one-off five-year gap from the 2013 competition. ==History== The Rugby World Cup Sevens originated with a proposal by the Scottish Rugby Union to the International Rugby Board. The inaugural tournament was held at Murrayfield in Edinburgh in 1993, and has been held every four years since. Hong Kong, which had played a major role in the international development of the Sevens game, hosted the 1997 event. The final was won by Fiji over South Africa. The 2001 tournament was held in Mar del Plata, Argentina. The 2005 event returned to Hong Kong. The IRB made a submission to the International Olympic Committee in 2005 for rugby sevens to become an Olympic sport. However, the submission failed because committee members felt IRB needed to improve promotion of the women's game. To that end, the IRB implemented the first women's Rugby World Cup Sevens tournament in 2009.〔 The 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens was held in Dubai during the first weekend of March 2009 and included a separate women's tournament. Cumulative attendance was 78,000.〔 ("Tietjens backs sevens Olympic bid" ), ESPN, (13 August 2009), Retrieved 29 March 2011〕 Prior to the inclusion of rugby sevens into the Olympic Games, the IRB stated that their intention would be to end the World Cup Sevens so that the Olympic Games would be the one pinnacle in a four-year cycle for Rugby Sevens.〔(RWC Sevens to be scrapped for Olympics ), ESPN, 27 May 2009 Retrieved 24 February 2011〕 The adoption of rugby sevens and golf was recommended to the full International Olympic Committee council by its executive board in August 2009.〔Lowe, Alex (7 October 2009). ("Lomu lends his weight to rugby sevens Olympic bid" ), ''The Scotsman''. Retrieved 29 March 2011〕 The International Olympic Committee voted in 2009 for rugby sevens to become a medal sport at the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.〔John Duce, (27 Mar 2011). ("New Zealand Beat England 29–17 to Win Hong Kong Rugby Sevens" ), Bloomberg, Retrieved 29 March 2011〕 The IRB Council in 2010 awarded the hosting of the 2013 tournament to Moscow, Russia from a field of eight nations that had expressed formal interest in hosting.〔IRB.com, Russia to host Rugby World Cup Sevens 2013, May 12, 2010, http://www.rwcsevens.com/home/news/newsid=2037312.html〕 The IRB intended that the exposure to rugby from hosting the World Cup Sevens would accelerate the growth of rugby in Russia.〔 The IRB had said the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens – featuring 24 men's teams and 16 women's teams – would be the last one. However, following feedback from its member unions, the IRB's general assembly voted for the tournament to continue. The principal concern is that Sevens at the Olympics would accommodate only 12 teams.〔Sallay, Alvin (29 Mar 2011). "IRB under pressure to save World Cup Sevens", ''South China Morning Post''〕 The IRB announced on June 12, 2013 that the Rugby World Cup Sevens would continue after 2013, with the next tournament set for 2018, and for every four years after that.〔IRB.com. Future of Rugby World Cup Sevens confirmed, June 12, 2013, http://www.rwcsevens.com/home/news/newsid=2067449.html〕 Following the IRB's announcement, several nations officially announced their intention to bid to host the 2018 tournament – including the United States〔http://www.usarugby.org/womens-sevens-news/item/usa-rugby-to-bid-for-2018-rugby-world-cup-sevens〕 and Wales.〔http://www.wru.co.uk/eng/news/27196.php#.Ubp_oRy0iXI〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rugby World Cup Sevens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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